CBC Northern Service and Related Recordings

For many years CBC North, a branch of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, has released broadcast recordings featuring northern singers and songwriters from the NWT, Yukon and northern Quebec, performing in various languages. Included in this series are Inuit songs, fiddle music, contemporary music, and an album for children.

The collection consists of recordings featuring these musicians amongst others: Charles Adams, Colin Adjun, David and Dorothy Aglukark, Etulu and Susan Aningmiuq, Juupie Arnaituk, Terry Cousineau, Ron Dillman, Etulu Etidlouie, Norman Glowich, David Gon, Anita Issaluk, Manfred Janssen, Hank Karr, Joe Loutchan, Charlie Panigoniak, William Tagoona, Mary Thompson, Alexis Utatnaq, and Jim Vautour.

The material is in Inuktitut, Athapaskan, and various other northern languages.

BRIEF COMMUNICATION THE HISTORY OF CBC NORTHERN SERVICE BROADCAST RECORDINGS PERRY LINTTELL, Communication Officer CBC Northern Service, Box 3220, Station C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 1E4.

When I was a child I didn't know the meaning of the songs. I thought at the time they were just for fun and that they belonged to the shamans. Now I know they are not only for shamans, they are for the whole world to enjoy. — Donald Suluk, Inuit singer. Historical journals dating back to 1752 reveal Greenlandic missionaries may have been the first non-Native settlers to hear traditional Inuit music. Today, due in large part to CBC Northern Service Radio and its broadcast recordings, traditional and contemporary Native music is very popular among both Native and non-Native residents of the Northwest Territories, Arctic Quebec and the Yukon. Southern Canadians are also gaining a greater appreciation for the unique linguistic and musical styles of Canada's northern talent. Former Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau and Marcel Masse, Minister of Communications have both enriched their music libraries with CBC recordings of northern performers. The producer of the Opening Ceremonies of the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary was so impressed with Daniel T'len's broadcast recording he invited him to sing “O'Canada” in Southern Tutchone (a Yukon Indian dialect). That performance was heard by hundreds of millions of people around the world. In order to ensure that there is a strong representation of northern music on CBC radio stations, Northern Service is continuously involved with talent development and broadcast recording production. Artists are found in a variety of ways. Northern Service Radio 292 Brief Communication production centres in the north recommend people and demonstration cassettes are sent to the producer of broadcast recordings.

Others are seen and heard at various concerts in the north. Over the years, more than 75 performers have been recorded. Recording sessions are generally held at Marc and Snocan Studios in Ottawa. During a four day session, the music is set down on 16 tracks and remixed. Usually four members are used in the backup band. Each is capable of playing more than one instrument. The result is great variety in instrumental sounds. Some of the recent backup musicians have impressive musical credentials. Randall Prescott, “Country Music Producer and Instrumentalist of the Year”; Peter Fredette, bass player with the Kim Mitchell Band; Mich Pouliat, drummer with K.D. Lang; Steve Pitico, guitarist with the Family Brown; Tracy Brown, vocalist with the Family Brown; and drummer Ron Prescott. Most years, three long playing albums of northern music are recorded. These records are sent to CBC stations, community access radio societies, Native broadcast access organizations, and to selected radio stations and contacts in Greenland and Alaska. Broadcast recordings of Native performers began in the early 1970's. Northern Service had long since established radio production centres in the north.

However, the introduction of Cree and Inuktitut language programming on the CBC shortwave service to northern Quebec was the true beginning of the relationship. Inuit listeners were excited at the prospect of hearing their own language and music on shortwave for the first time. As a result, Elijah Menarik, host of CBC's “Isumavut” program received “basement” style music cassette recordings, featuring Inuit performers. The music became increasingly popular even though it was poorly recorded, usually with single voice and guitar. Producing radio programs with cassettes proved awkward. Control rooms were normally equipped with reel-to-reel and turntable playback facilities. As a result, it was decided seven inch extended play discs would be better for programming convenience.

The Inuit Cultural Institute in Eskimo Point also realized the importance of broadcast recordings in promoting their cultural heritage. The I.C.I. was able to help Inuit composers and musicians receive memberships with performing rights societies, a valuable first step towards putting northern artists on a fully professional recording and royalty income footing.

In 1973, CBC Northern Service produced the first set of 45 rpm records. Both discs featured Charlie Panigoniak accompanied by Mark Etak. The next recording session took place in 1975. Again two 45 rpm records were produced featuring The Sugluk Group from Sugluk (now known as Salluit), Quebec. In the late 1970's a substantial budget was established by CBC Northern Service to enhance the recording sessions. Many Native musicians were flown to a recording studio in Montreal and backup Brief Communication 293 musicians were also introduced.

Altogether, about 120 records were produced during this period, each containing about six musical selections. As a rule 500 discs were pressed for each recording. They were distributed to North American radio stations, as well as music critics. Each artist also received a small supply. Some of the early 7 inch records included: William Tagoona, Charlie Panigoniak, Alexis Utatnaq, Alanis Obamsawin, Charlie Adams, William Ekomiack, Hank Karr, Delta Drummers, Morley Loon, Willie Thrasher, Joe Loutchan, Tumasi Quissa, Joanasi Qaqutu and many others.

As well, seven long playing records were commercially produced from these discs. Unfortunately, they are no longer available. Remuneration for the musicians was, and still is, paid in the form of A.F. of M. Broadcast Recording fees and royalties for on-air play. By the early 1980's CBC Northern Service had moved the Montreal production unit to Ottawa.

A program director further increased the quality of broadcast recordings. More time was taken in the recording studio with more backup musicians, when required. These records were pressed as 12 inch stereo LP's. Thirty-five 12 inch LP's have been produced, of which an exciting series of seven records are commercially available. That series, released in 1986, features Peter and Susan Aniqmiuq, Etulu Etidlouie, Norman Glowach, Charlie Panigoniak with Lorna Tasseor, Joe Loutchan, William Tagoona and a double album of traditional Inuit music. These quality albums represent examples of Inuit songs passed down through countless generations, fiddle music common to community dances and festivals across the north, contemporary “southern” melodies blended with northern lyrics, and a special album of music just for children. The entire series is available from CBC Northern Service.

History on record: How the CBC Northern Service built a unique trove of Canadian music
Classic recordings by Willie Thrasher, Sugluk, Two Rivers called 'part of our greater cultural fabric'
Dave White · CBC News · Posted: Apr 23, 2022

The North has always been home to a vibrant culture, but sharing it with the rest of the country has been a challenge.

In the early 1970s CBC North, then called the CBC Northern Service, decided starting a record label was the way to do it.

CBC producer Les McLaughlin first pitched the idea in 1968 when he was working in Montreal.

"The head of the Montreal service was a fellow named Sheldon O'Connell," the late McLaughlin said in a documentary on the Northern Service. "He thought one of the ways we could promote northern broadcasting and help northern people gain a certain amount of recognition was to produce recordings in their language."

CBC producers started searching the region for musicians. Initially, the recordings were made only for local radio play, but once it became obvious there was some real talent in the North, McLaughlin decided to transfer the music to vinyl records that were distributed across the country.

"We did a number of recordings," said former CBC technician Tim Kinvig. "The Canucks, Hank Karr, but they were more straight for broadcasting. The first recording we did [for the record label] was Gary Averill. He was a teacher from Mayo…we brought him into Whitehorse and recorded him, just him and his guitar."

It wasn't long before the CBC came calling. A session in the CBC studios in Whitehorse produced a four-song EP, which included the classic Land Of Gold.

It's hard to overstate how important these recordings were for Northern musicians. Streaming services didn't exist, and it was hard to get your music out to a wider audience.

"That little record set a whole bunch of different wheels in motion," said Janssen. "We got to travel on it, people want to hear the group, we started going to festivals."

The recordings were even more important for Indigenous artists like Willie Thrasher.

Thrasher grew up in Aklavik, N.W.T. He heard Indigenous fiddlers, drummers and storytellers from all over the North on the CBC. It inspired him to join a band, The Cordells, and continued to inspire him when he began to perform across the country as a street musician.

Word got around and in the late 1970s, Thrasher was invited to record in the CBC studios in Montreal.

"CBC was looking for Aboriginal performers across Canada," he said. "They got some Crees from James Bay, they got some people from Nova Scotia, they got me from Inuvik … it was an honour to be chosen by the CBC to record an album. That's what really started my music career."

Eventually, as record buyers and radio programmers moved away from the vinyl format, so did CBC North.

But the CBC Northern Services recordings weren't limited to putting out records. A series of concerts were also held in church halls and school gyms across the region, bringing together musicians for a night of music. The True North Concerts were recorded and broadcast on the CBC.

"Northern music, especially as practiced by Indigenous people, has always been a synthesis," said former CBC producer Peter Skinner, who produced a number of True North Concerts. "It was always a synthesis of traditional rhythms, traditional styles and traditional subjects, with whatever contemporary forms of music and instrumentation was brought in by the whalers or settlers."

Skinner cited a performance by Tanya Tagaq at a True North Concert in Fort Smith, N.W.T., when she combined traditional throat singing with modern electronic music, as an example of the two worlds coming together.

The CBC Northern Services recordings were never meant to be commercially available, and even though some have been re-issued over the years, the records are hard to find.

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